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<table id="toc" class="toc"><tr><td><div id="toctitle"><h2>Contents</h2></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#central_air-conditioning_water_system_Applying_VFD_energy_me"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">central air-conditioning water system Applying VFD energy me</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#three_design_examples"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">three design examples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#cooling_pump_suction_failure_analysis_and_engineering_rehabi"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">cooling pump suction failure analysis and engineering rehabi</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#AF_SLR_camera_raw_performance"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">AF SLR camera raw performance</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#of_Quality_Supervision"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">of Quality Supervision</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Japanese_SLR_camera_development_trend"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Japanese SLR camera development trend</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#lithium_bromide_absorption_chiller_crystallization_failure_t"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">lithium bromide absorption chiller crystallization failure t</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#carbon_dioxide_transcritical_cycle_the_analysis"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">carbon dioxide transcritical cycle the analysis</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#the_series"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">the series</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#multifunctional_meeting_rooms_air-conditioning_system_of_num"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">multifunctional meeting rooms air-conditioning system of num</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#in_the_lower_part_can_be_used_as_cooling_shutters_and_conve"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">in the lower part can be used as cooling shutters and conve</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Defrosting_can_shorten_the_defrosting_time_instant_259_.7E_264"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Defrosting can shorten the defrosting time instant 259 ~ 264</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#46_.289.29:_770_776_Liu_Yong"><span class="tocnumber">13</span> <span class="toctext">46 (9): 770 776 Liu Yong</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#nA30BnLifmdiQgrIIdgQradIenLOfQtatIfCLmifOntOfsnQrLfdengAIQru"><span class="tocnumber">14</span> <span class="toctext">nA30BnLifmdiQgrIIdgQradIenLOfQtatIfCLmifOntOfsnQrLfdengAIQru</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#B_.5B_bend_of_a_river_stop_Rv_qT"><span class="tocnumber">15</span> <span class="toctext">B [ bend of a river stop Rv qT</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Daobin_refrigerant_distribution_severely_uneven"><span class="tocnumber">16</span> <span class="toctext">Daobin refrigerant distribution severely uneven</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#When_the_hot_water_requirements_can_be_less_pre-Valves_V1_an"><span class="tocnumber">17</span> <span class="toctext">When the hot water requirements can be less pre-Valves V1 an</span></a></li> </ul> </td></tr></table><script>if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); } </script> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="central_air-conditioning_water_system_Applying_VFD_energy_me"> central air-conditioning water system Applying VFD energy me </span></h2> <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; central air-conditioning water system Applying VFD energy measurement and analysis &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td The&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; thereby reducing single operation of the pump flow, increase the supply and return water temperature,, saving energy consumption of chilled water pump. (3) (Figure 2) from the measurement results can be seen, refrigerator energy consumption occupies an important proportion of the total energy consumption, more than 75%. The proportion of chilled water pumps and cooling water pump in about 10%. (4) This energy-saving potential in the pump frequency analysis: 1) cooling water pump: If the variable frequency control, using control the supply and return water temperature difference 4.5 ° C, under the same conditions of heat rejection and not variable frequency calculate the frequency conversion of the cooling water flow, water pump energy consumption can be calculated after the frequency conversion by the pump power and flow into a cubic relationship. The test time,, at 10:00 on August 12 - 18:45, not variable frequency testing of cooling water pump energy consumption is about 1000kWh using the above method obtained under ideal conditions,, frequency conversion, energy consumption is 600kWh The cooling water pump energy for the net energy saving. Chiller COP therefore be affected in the case of constant cooling lizard, refrigerator energy consumption and COP is inversely proportional to the measured energy consumption proportion of the case, if the COP from the calculation of the average of 5.3 reduced to five. will make the refrigerator more than the consumption of energy and cooling pumps to save energy phase offset. 2) the chilled water: tests showed that not variable frequency chilled water pump energy consumption is about 920kWh. If the chilled water side temperature control 4.5 ℃ way, does not consider changes in the user-side resistance, using the above method proceeds Ideally frozen pump frequency after the energy consumption of 370kWh, 60% of the chilled water pump energy, about energy accounting for about 5% of the total energy consumption of the system. But in fact, the use of chilled water pump inverter control, the average pressure drop of the chilled water system, the user-side resistance is bound to decline. So frozen pump to save the power consumption will be greater than 5% of the above estimates. The conclusion is the same does not affect the chilled water flow under the premise of the cooler COP. Reference only as energy-saving potential, the above analysis of temperature control can be used in the actual system pressure or temperature difference, pressure in 2005 6 24 2 (91) Refrigeration 63 poor joint control, not only to energy conservation, and stability of the system also has beneficial effects. Conclusions (1) analysis of measuring the total energy consumption of the day (from 9:15 to 19:00), refrigerator energy consumption 8967kWh, accounting for about 78% of the total energy consumption; chilled water pump energy consumption 961kWh,, accounting for about 8%; total energy consumption of the cooling pump 1121kWh,, accounting for about 10%; cooling tower total energy consumption of 431kWh, accounting for about 4%. About the sum of the chilled water pump and cooling pump energy consumption accounts for about 18% of the total proportion of inverter technology does not affect the cooler COP premise; in the energy-saving analysis, the pump, the pump average energy saving of about 40%, about 7 of the total energy consumption&nbsp;%. 9:15 to 19: O0 this time, the total energy consumption of equipment 11500kWh, pumps in energy saving of about 800kWh. (2) the inverter technology allows the COP to reduce from 5.3 to 5.0,, the cooling pumps to reduce energy consumption can be offset by the refrigerator's energy consumption to increase. (3) measuring the same day as the summer season, the system is close to full capacity, the system chiller load average basic in the range of 80% to 110% change, for small pump the proportion of total energy consumption is relatively transition season. Run transition quarter chillers may often be less than 50% in a single load condition, the constant speed chilled water pump energy consumption is not decreased, so that the chilled water pump frequency conversion technology (transition season) will have a better energy-saving potential. (4) the inverter technology compared to the constant flow operation, in the case of large changes in system requirements is beneficial to system stability. 12 students. 2, the Distinguished Professor Award: Shu Pengcheng (Xi'an Jiaotong University). Xia Anshi Education Foundation bonuses used to reward China's institutions of higher learning refrigeration and air conditioning and HVAC outstanding professors and students,, has been awarded 10 times in nine years, have a profound impact in our institutions of higher learning and refrigeration and air conditioning industry. Carrier Global R &amp; D center located in Shanghai Pudong Carrier Air Conditioning Refrigeration Management (Shanghai), Research and Development Center held a groundbreaking ceremony to declare the Carrier 15 R &amp; D institutions in Shanghai on April 26 in Shanghai Pudong Jinqiao, which is the second open Lee China headquarters to Shanghai after the compressor center settled in the same open interest of public r set another important measure to develop the China market. $ 45 million of the total investment in the center with a total area of ​​20,,000 m, will be held in 2008 and put into use. Consulting, maintenance, research, engineering collaboration, and services such as personnel training and exchanges. 2004 refrigerators,, freezers,, air conditioners production, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, 2004,, refrigerator, freezer, air conditioner production in the following table: - (special correspondent Gen reported the) &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt; / tr&gt; <br /><br />Simplified Chinese Spanish Traditional Chinese Related articles:<br /> <ul><br />  <br /> </ul><br />Related articles：<br /> <ul><br /> <br /> </ul> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="three_design_examples"> three design examples </span></h2> <br /> ,&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; three design examples &lt;br&gt; of fresh air evaporative cooling air conditioning </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;the pre &gt; <br /> we have further understanding of the design of this environmentally friendly, energy-saving and economical air conditioning new technology. Current work to be done is to learn from other air-conditioning equipment, related standards as soon as possible to develop technical standards for China's national conditions for evaporative cooling, so this new technology to the development of standardization,, serialization, and the direction of professionalization, a stereotyped series of air-conditioning equipment products. We believe that the evaporative cooling technology must be on the basis of the extensive application of the Xinjiang region, continue to the other provinces of the Northwest and North China, Northeast and other places to expand the scope of use and regional,, as an alternative to or part of the special correspondent Gen reported Sanyo investment in Dalian The tip of the Group, Japan's Sanyo Electric announced on September 8, to strengthen the commercial equipment business in China Bingshan Group invested 225 million yuan, the investment ratio of 30%, has now become the largest shareholder of the tip of the Group. Sanyo ready to efficient allocation of management resources on the tip of the Group as a whole,, from production to transport, store displays the various stages of the equipment used at the same time expand the development system, and strengthen the business foundation in China in the field of frozen and refrigerated equipment. The research report: central air conditioning,, a great energy saving potential of the Shanghai Academy of Building Research,, Shanghai, the city's public buildings of more than 16,000 buildings and more than 40,000 blocks of residential buildings with central air-conditioning energy consumption, research and statistics, the results show: central air-conditioning consumption electricity accounted for 58.2% of the total building energy consumption, survey 80% efficiency of the air-conditioning equipment used in construction is low, high energy consumption. If the sample survey of more than 56,000 buildings are high efficiency,, low-power air-conditioning equipment, a year, saving about 3.9 to 5.2 billion kWh of electricity consumption, it is estimated that reduction in peak load of about 1.5 million kilowatts. Multi air conditioning unit energy efficiency rating is the national standard publication has been worked out by China standards, approved and promulgated by the State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the Standardization Administration of the national standard GB21454-2008 social publishing, priced at 10 yuan. GB21454-2008 multi-line product energy efficiency level is divided into five levels,, of which a product can effect the level of the highest, 2 for the energy-saving products evaluation value, 3,4 grades on behalf of Chinese multi-joint type product of the average energy efficiency level, five for Market value after the implementation of the standards. The standard specifies that the standard is scheduled for September 1, 2008. Alternative to conventional mechanical refrigeration,, to achieve the purpose of environmental protection, energy saving, the economy and improve indoor air quality. . 5 References [1] the Li Yinming, Huang Xiang. A combination of evaporative cooling with cooling ceiling semi-centralized air-conditioning system of [J]. Fluid Mechanics,, 2005,1 (33)&nbsp;:56-61 [2] Huang Xiang. Xinjiang region of three evaporative cooling air conditioning system engineering analysis [J]. HVAC, 2005,35 (7)&nbsp;:104-107 [3] Huang Xiang, Liu Ming, Yu Xiangyang. The application of indirect evaporative cooling technology in China's Xinjiang region [J]. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 2001,1 (6)&nbsp;:33-38 by China's first multi-joint unit energy saving certificate GB21454 - 2008 multi air conditioning units the importance of energy-saving certification has become increasingly prominent. September 23, the multi air conditioning units in the United States took the lead from the China Quality Certification Center (CCC) won the first energy-saving certification. America's first Multi-unit energy-saving certificate to provide consumers with consumer advocacy and reference indicators. Shanghai released public places, air conditioning and ventilation and health requirements of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision on May 28, 2008 Shanghai local standard DB31/405-2008 public places, air conditioning and ventilation systems to run our health requirements, standard on November 1,, 2008 onwards. The standard total of six chapters, provides air conditioning and ventilation system, health indicators, health requirements, test methods and detection rules. Health standard value of the standard requirements of the air conditioning and ventilation systems are as follows: the inner surface of the duct: the dust volume ≤ 20 (m2); fungi, the total number of ≤ 100 (cfu/cm2). Blast: PM 0 ≤. O. 08 (mg/m3); total bacteria ≤ 500 (cfu/m3); the J fungus total number of ≤ 500 (cfu/cm3); B hemolytic streptococci, pathogenic microorganisms may not be detected. Humidification equipment for water: Legionella pneumophila may not be detected. Cooling water: Legionella pneumophila may not be detected. Standards at the same time the health standards of the air conditioning and ventilation system fresh air, indoor co2 concentration value, easy to cause the health requirements of parts or components of indoor air pollution has made a provision for air conditioning and ventilation systems. <br /> &lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="cooling_pump_suction_failure_analysis_and_engineering_rehabi"> cooling pump suction failure analysis and engineering rehabi </span></h2> <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; cooling pump suction failure analysis and engineering rehabilitation programs &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;the pre &gt; <br /> inhalation L1 truth degree [] the conditions that can be used (3) to calculate the allowed pump mounting height: ≤ [] = [] (Us2/2g + h) 2.3 cavitation I The amount of correction and mounting height of the calculation of cooling water pump is a horizontal single-suction single-stage centrifugal pump parameters are: flow rate Q = 175m / h Head = 20m power of P = 15kW inhalation caliber r = 125i-n / n cavitation margin [ ,,],,[2,,, 2005, June, Vo1.24 (TotalNo.91) = Q / A = (175/3600) / (0.1252 ×. Rt / 4) = 3.96m / s corresponding velocity head is: Us2 / 2g = 3.962 / 2 × 9.8 = 0.8mH2O (7.84Pa) pump suction resistance is estimated as 0.4mH2O (3.92Pa) pumps allow geometric installation height: Hg = Us2/2g -h1 = 2.6-0.8-0.4 = 1.4m pump allows the installation height = 1.4m&gt; 1.2m,, why is not pumping the Sheung Shui to it? We know that the pump nameplate cavitation margin obtained by the manufacturers test 101.325kPa and 20 ~ C water conditions at atmospheric pressure, under different conditions to deal with the nameplate values ​​on the following formula be amended. [] = [] (10.33 h) The + (0.24 h,,) (4): to l0.33 an hours due to different atmospheric pressure correction value, which hA is head of the local atmospheric pressure ( m), measurable know; 0.24 a h - a result of water temperature amendments made to the value of, where h is the water temperature corresponding to the vaporization pressure head (m), find out from the saturated vapor pressure and temperature . 0.24 for the 20 ~ C, the vaporization of water pressure head. After measurement, the local atmospheric pressure is 99.3kPa (10.13mH2O); cooling water return temperature of 32-~ 32 ~ C, water, check water and steam thermodynamic properties chart (0.49mH2O). Amended pump allows the suction on the vacuum Height: [] = [] (10.33 hA) + (0.24 h) = 2.6 a (10.33-10.13) + (0.24 -0.49) = 2.15m pump allows children how to install a height of: a / 2g-h1 = 2.15-0.8-0.4 = 0.95m2.4 failure [] = [] [] = 0.95m &lt;1.2m project to pump the actual mounting height is greater than the water pump to allow children how to install height, naturally, can not smoke in Sheung Shui. 3 rehabilitation programs pump pumping no water because the water pump installation height is greater than the geometric height to allow installation. Then consider the solutions are: (1) increase the pump allows the mounting height, the purchase of new pumps, new water pump to allow installation of the geometric height greater than 1.2m. Cavitation margin []&gt; 2.85m, the problem can be solved. To buy a new pump costs about 60,000 yuan, consider the supply cycle and re-installation takes about one week, so that delayed the commissioning of production equipment. (2) raise the cooling towers, the catchment disk surface and the cooling water pipe segment elevation difference of less than 0.95m. Cooling tower is installed on the roof, consider the beautiful, the three sides are walls,, the street side louvers decorative cover. T table of the cooling tower only the height of the wall flush, and then raise will more than cover up the walls and blinds, affecting the overall appearance of the buildings. Increasing the height of the wall and leaves must be, would be the structural impact. This program costs about 50,000 yuan. Such programs is more difficult to achieve; (3) take measures to reduce the installation height of the pump, the AB segment of the height difference is less than 0.95m. The basis of this idea,, the A at the water level rises. Increase in the AD section check valve,, so that water does not backflow check valve installed height A at the surface (1.2-0.95 = 0.25m). For insurance purposes,, we will only L port valve installed in the DE segment. Before starting from the BC segment to the cooling water pipe filled with water, the exhaust valve opens to drain the gas within the tubes. Drained gas pipeline filled with water again after boot, the pump is running well. The test run stop, two hours after the interval l2 hours after re-boot, no need to exhaust in the segment BC there is no need replenishment to normal operation. At this point the cooling water pump is fully operational. 4 References [1] Zhou Mo Yan. Fluid mechanics of pumps and fans (:) [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, $ 1994,11 [2] Norinaka. Water and steam thermodynamic properties of the chart [M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2004,3 <br /> &lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /><br />Simplified Chinese Spanish Traditional Chinese Related articles:<br /> <ul><br />  <br /> </ul><br />Related articles：<br /> <ul><br /> <br /> </ul> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="AF_SLR_camera_raw_performance"> AF SLR camera raw performance </span></h2> <br /> ,&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; AF SLR camera raw performance &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt; br&gt; structure the supply F4 and FdS of the film advance speed. CH (continuous high speed) is still 4 per second and 5,,7 increase in CL (continuous low speed) and Cs &lt;ultra-low-speed continuous shooting) when the two planes is not very different. The film advance sound powder law C. When extra light. Canon EOS-1 body 2CR5 lithium battery-powered. The sleepy addition compact. Continuous shooting speed is only 2.5M This may be related to the aircraft and ultra-high-speed shutter, film advance torque roll film sound exceptionally sharp fitted with additional components of high-speed film advance per second, C, up to 5 frames per second. 5, moving the body Zhen Lan I, tracking therefore also cho too dramatically improve. Utility corresponds to the high-speed film advance components as standard equipment. Containing eight of the 5th battery. Connection with the camera. Than F4 higher. Both cameras use Automatic loading F4 with two toggle switches to control the electric rewind. Tension testing methods to judge the film is finished, beat egg pieces or more for one hundred r. Electric rewind tablets side will be poured into the cassette machine in the drop of the power to hand the case of tablets. EOS-1, the end of the counter the Chong measuring chamber piece, it can only shoot 3 ridicule finished will automatically rewind rewind sound will interfere with the quiet of the scene. However. Aircraft available to user function will automatically changed to the case of tablets is controlled by the switch rewind, user functions can also choose piece-side down the dark disc. On the machine used in lithium batteries, unlike the 5th battery. Can buy everywhere. Therefore necessary to carry spare batteries. 9 summarize the performance of the Nikon F4 dial and toggle switches to control the camera. Its shutter speed. Exposure compensation, sensitivity settings to use the dial to lose. Film advance mode. Metering ■ light the way, for rewind drawn AF mode with the toggle open coriander switching. In addition, there are conventional rotating aperture selection and rewind crank. The above-mentioned switch-cho in the viewfinder while operating, but operable switch become more Canon EOS] dial and buttons drawn. Has the main camera body, vice two electronic assistance dish after meat dish in the rear, operating performance is very good. User functions can choose to either work. Heir light, ■ light, AF, etc., the machine according to accustomed to switching, is not conducive to summarize for the side to take the amount of edge. Machine components are summarized for less. Each blush or dial smoked have different functions, user can make a choice depending on shooting conditions. In summary, the F4 is suitable to cope with a variety of shooting conditions and subject at any time, B0S-l Qing suitable for the scene too the body unchanged. Of B0S a one user feature-rich operating performance. In addition to the aforementioned solution gland automatic rewind. Films retain the piece Nam down, change the evaluative metering AE lock button to change for the center-weighted metering, manual fine-tune the AF after the main cut choice of the electronic dial endures. You can also select the shutter, aperture setting differential is 1/3 of the file or a file. Take full advantage of this feature allows the camera has the personality of the user requirements. 10. Dimming two cameras in TTL flash control with the flash function is very similar. Specifically Yang flash, can be for TTL dimmer can control the amount of flash in the sunlight and daylight cap balance when shooting night scenes can be used for slow shutter flash the most high-end flash has auto-zoom function, so that the flash illumination angle with the lens The focal length change. They could be used for screen kitchen step flash to get natural afterimage effect. Could be used for special multiple flash shooting. The leek can be grouped to thank the entire TTL dimming ■ the amount of light. A. Handover type rear Nikon F4 three kinds of switching machine back. They are usually date back MF-22, multi-function control back MF 23, and 250 of the 250 film pull sad machine can be mounted to back MF-24. The two control sorrowful from the back to write data can be written in the lower right of the listless rate. Can also be written in the cracks of the two negatives. Write data for the date, time, film count value, exposure parameters, or automatically include strong ■ the optical parameters. It can use focus priority mode, automatic shooting to be moving the body into the focus area. Automatic parentheses Nang light can shoot up to 10. Pull sad machine back up to 999 hours of long exposure, delay and timing repeat to take control of sad, alarm, stop volume chamber piece, not load body control sorrowful. Canon EOS-1, an E1-type command Rear. The notice date is written outside. ■ light when you hear another long, self-timer. Timed remake wins piece count. Unfortunately, yes. The installed YongMing boast machine behind Deputy electronic assistance disk r. The l2 Results Khmer F4 and E0S, a comparable overall. Difficult to distinguish the pros and cons. They set the tone for a new generation of professional AF SLR camera. Busy to not like a professional photographer in the AE and AF. Will be the F4 or EOS-l user. Following the B0S-l. Canon EOS-RTBi shooting delay. And framing device images are not lizard cover characteristics, will also affect the design of future professional SLR with AF. Translated from Yan crossing the ocean, the photo industry Simplified Chinese Spanish Traditional Chinese Related articles:&lt;br&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br&gt;  &lt;br&gt; &lt;/Ul&gt;&lt;br&gt;Related articles：&lt;br&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; <p>Related articles： </p> <pre>&lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; </pre> <p>== the dynamic == </p> The &lt;br&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;pre&gt; &lt;br&gt; the dynamic &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt;. - (Special correspondent Gen report) on the promotion of ZCI refrigerant Shanghai Energy Conservation Association held ZCI refrigerant promote the use of seminars, the Shanghai Dragon International Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. introduces the basic features of the ZCI refrigerant range of applications, test profiles. Shanghai Pudong Ramada Plaza, Shanghai Electric Power Company, Shanghai Hongqiao Airport has introduced the energy saving effect of the ZCI refrigerant. 'Beginning in 2001, Dragon Company ZCI refrigerant direct replacement for refrigerants R12, R22, 74 units have been replaced by the centrifugal, screw and piston large central air conditioning unit, which brand of Daikin, Carrier, York and other energy-saving rate from 10.1% to 26.1%. Organize experts to test the Shanghai Energy Conservation Product Review Commission granted the refrigerant the title of The refrigerant is also the national ozone-depleting substances (ODS) alternative engineering and technology research centers certified as - (Special correspondent Gen reports) No. 3,2005, SepV01.24 (TotalNo.92) [special correspondent Gen report] - refrigerators, air conditioners noise limits in order to ensure the release and spread of the noise in household appliances use the process without the normal life of the people have an impact State Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the National Standardization Management Committee issued a national standard GB19606-2O04 The sound power level dB (A)), the standard of the air conditioner noise limits (sound pressure level, db (A)) from August 1, 2005. The standard has been published by the Standards Press of China to issue $ 12 per copy. Energy, refrigeration, environmental protection and sustainable development of high-level seminar held in Shanghai, co-sponsored by the Sustainable Development Research Center of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,, China Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association, and other units, the Shanghai Municipal Economic Commission for support of Shanghai Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Industry Association, co-organized by the Shanghai Institute of Refrigeration units energy efficiency, cooling, environmental protection and sustainable development of high-level seminar , Tianjin, Nanjing, Ningbo and other guests and the refrigeration and air conditioning industry colleagues more than 150 people attended the seminar. At the workshop,, 12 experts and scholars on the energy, ecological environment,, recycling economy, refrigeration and air conditioning energy conservation and the sustainable development of speech, seven business representatives to develop energy-saving refrigeration and air conditioning products for the exchange. A speech at the meeting: the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Sustainable Development Research Center, Teng Teng: Lu Zhen: Welcome to subscribe to the ). The publication is a collection of publications and recommended dissemination of publications of the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) specify the scientific literature file collection, the first members of the publication of the Chinese Academic Journal (CNKI)),, Articles,, digitization Periodicals, a member of the Chinese core periodical database publications; and for two consecutive years won the outstanding scientific and technical journals Award in Guangdong Province. 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Beneficiary: the editorial department of net Bank: Guangzhou City Industry and Commerce OK Temple Branch Railway Dongshan do account: the 3,602,013,,509,001,969,828 &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /><br />Simplified Chinese Spanish Traditional Chinese Related articles:<br /> <ul><br />  <br /> </ul><br />Related articles：<br /> <ul><br /> <br /> </ul> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="of_Quality_Supervision"> of Quality Supervision </span></h2> <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; of Quality Supervision, Inspection and sampling results - seven kinds of frozen pork water exceeded &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; ℃ <pre> &lt;br&gt;,. (1), (2) joint test algorithm for solving the obtained Q Shan = 53.4kW, Tmv. . m = 59.3 ~ C. Very obviously, simply some of the water is heated to this temperature and then stirred by the outside world, the tank of water heated to 55 ° C, the time (55-52) / (59.3-52) X14.7 = 6h is the total time was 14.7 +6 = 20.7h than directly derived from (4) time of about three hours. In addition, it can be run as follows: the first part of the hot water heated to 52 ~ C,, and then mixing 30 ~ C, then heated to 55 ° C,, the total running time of the way: (30-25) / (52 -25) X14.7 +14.7 = 17.4h,, and (4) the results are basically the same. Hot water system design is rarely used mixing method, in fact heating than (4) longer, but also closely related to the water storage tank, the structural design and pump flow (this relationship to the above assumptions whether to set up). The beginning of the 3.2 hot water temperature of 35 ℃ (4) obtained for 11.8h. However, if 2.2 the conclusions in a single cycle (14.7h),, the unit can only be hot water heating to 54.1oC. 54.1oC hot water inlet temperature after heat recovery temperature of 61.2 ~ C, but also (55-54.1) / (61.2-54.1) × 14.7 = 1.9h in order to all the water is heated to 55 ° C. (4) calculates the total time of 16.6h, than to 4.8 hours long. 4 Conclusions (1) for circulating hot water system,, as long as the hot water inlet temperature deviation from the design conditions will lead to changes in the amount of heat recovery. When the water temperature is below design temperature, heat recovery increase in water temperature will not be the design temperature, and condensation of refrigerant in the recovery unit may occur; and when the water temperature is higher than the design temperature, but low leave in the design refrigerant recovery temperature, heat recovery to reduce the water temperature does not reach the design temperature; when the water temperature is higher than the design refrigerant to leave the recovery temperature, heat recovery is also reduced, but the water temperature will be higher than design temperature. (2) for regenerative hot water system, if the initial temperature of the hot water below the design water temperature,, unless the best way to run, otherwise the heating time is longer than the theoretical time; if the hot water temperature of the beginning of on the design of the inlet water temperature, heating time is longer than the theoretical time. (3) It should be noted that all the preceding analysis is based on cooling load of 100% condition, the refrigerant flow through the recovery of 100%, in fact, the chiller can not all time at full load operating conditions. Regulate the flow of refrigerant chillers, cooling-based run-time according to the cooling load, it is clear, the availability of sensible heat of refrigerant to be reduced accordingly, but also affects the heat transfer coefficient of refrigerant and hot water, ask the amount of heat recovery and hot water temperature have a significant impact. Especially for regenerative hot water system will greatly extend the regenerative time must be noted in the design and operation of the process. Product quality] Quality Supervision, Inspection and sampling results - seven kinds of frozen pork excessive moisture According to reports, the State General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine has announced the the l8 Guangdong and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), the production of frozen pork, cooked products and canned meat,, supervision and inspection results,, passing rates were 97%, 98%, 100%, but the excessive part of the product moisture to shorten the actual shelf life of the product. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, a sample of 271 kinds of frozen pork, the focus of test items for the senses, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, clenbuterol, and water, a total of eight kinds of product failure, of which Yunnan,, Henan, Sichuan The four manufacturers of seven kinds of frozen pork excessive moisture, the highest water content of the pork reaches 83.4% (standard provides pork water content shall not exceed 77%). The same time, the General Administration of Quality Supervision,, Inspection and Quarantine has a sample of 66 production, sales of the 101 kinds of cooked meat, qualified 99 kinds, including doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfonamides, clenbuterol three projects are all qualified, sulfonamides exceeded lead exceeded 1. In addition,, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine total sample of 36 companies produced 47 kinds of canned meat, all qualified inspection. - (Fan Jin Ji reported) &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Japanese_SLR_camera_development_trend"> Japanese SLR camera development trend </span></h2> Japanese SLR camera development trend ,<br /> &lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; see from the Nikon F4 camera &lt; pre&gt; &lt;br&gt; still skeptical state of virtual plastic camera. This plastic smell his cheap sleeve cross-camera, gradually to its low cost, small proportion of manufacturing tolerances crystal appearance Martin cents advantages of small lightweight sleeve Ling camera, e past and of the profile forming conditions the plastic of the SLR cameras are also from low-grade ceremony hair drawer Feng u playing much slower,, for a long time the formation of the metal body and plastic body coexist song Bureau to prepare the company's plastic debate process root of the imbalance such as high _ block machine for _ Feng Benny extravagant company has consistently held more prudent degree of nervous,, straight cut out the mid-1980s is still to promote all of its SLR camera bodies by the knot very metal turtle cast from the Nikon F3 / T, Austria Lin Pasi OM-4Ti body of the so-called _ Space titanium alloy manufacturing. Attaches great importance to the performance of the camera casing strength. Plastic based on the SLR,, the Canon held a more positive Shido conducted extensive market research castrate as early as seven BU early, establishing a high-volume,, high-tech low price approach to business, made _ sales by leaps and bounds, the protium namely leapt to the top of the base industry. Plastic regulatory body, the shock instead of the disk is the ceremony itself is its three major technical measures (the other two for the introduction of large-scale touch the IC to save a lot of mechanical parts and improve the part accuracy adjustment-free assembly). In appearance and touch Sheng better than metal,, for the Series A top to destroy the superstructure of the camera AI and cover has been almost not afraid of scratching, wear according to the praise 8 eight generations of the early launch of the T series to further advance. Plastic, wells, including Canon intends to replace the new F-1 as the new flagship of the T-90 Canon glass fiber underage enhanced polycarbonate the Ao machine body is the trend of its professional camera. The vast majority of Canon SLR camera body Hao choose a material mushroomed after 1985 Chi AF SLR cameras may be due to the automatic compact cameras inspired Journal barrier, invariably draw a pocket camera much dare popular features the general introduction of plastic surprised linear body with plastic mirror marrow F lens barrier plastic camera, thus giving rise to the guard once plastic. With the SLR camera automatically coking,, whether it will completely achieve SLR Kay own the plastic it? People eager to seek answers to boast still Kay body Yiu his professional camera. Through F4, Nikon made a negative response, there is still a body of aluminum alloy die casting in order to welcome the most professional photographer to trust only the metal body of the psychological state by comparing 'into experience confirms the plastic body is still can not vote Journal of professional reliability requirements? not yet understand. Nikon F4,, however, has made a lead past the plastic results: first, a few years ago I/4000 seconds shutter to further improve to l/8000 seconds, stroke titanium Taiwan disk blades to epoxy Carbon Fiber and young leaves and aluminum Taiwan disk blade Wei group leaves plastic technology to solve the forward - step high-speed light set thin and sharp conflicts of the strength f. Requirement to ensure that the most critical components used I5 million times the plasticized say that it is a major breakthrough. Canon's answer is a Shiyao? From the T_9O resistance to the new generation of professional camera, only one step, Canon is to comply with the major trend of the plastic he firmly out of the election last step or out of consideration on the the Jing cellar psychological and marketing step Nikon after barrier to repeat the 1981 New F-1 road? although certainly hard, but the odd industry camera plastic process will be irreversible, barrier plastic debate professional camera not in front will also swollen far. Of course,, metal (aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, etc.) professional camera ceremony itself will not be immediately eliminated,, which may coexist in a very long time, to meet the needs of the have different requirements and preferences Wei class professional workers. Longitudinal reason the Nikon F4 - a set of all Nikon's latest technological achievements in some new technology or the beginning of tapping debut performance of a new generation of professional camera has not only focused on the durability. Reliability. Supporting and is committed to the pursuit of the automation and versatility of the advanced nature of a barrier to fully reflect the majority of professional photographers with the development of the technology is increasingly strong demand to get rid of all non-creative steps in order to concentrate on engaging in creative shooting will. The dominant position of professionals in public opinion and its continuous improvement of the stringent requirements of ~ the main driving force is to promote the camera development to improve. The rapid development of electronics and micro Zha profile making r infinitely broad development of the former Department. A replacement or additional computer hardware and software inside the camera by the user since the need to adjust according to Wei,, transform, expand the variety of new features to extend the new cameras will soon become a reality of their adolescence. In any case, the pace of industrial development, the products out of the update frequency of continuous acceleration is the general trend of professional or an ordinary camera will not side outside. The · I5 · &lt;br&gt;, </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="lithium_bromide_absorption_chiller_crystallization_failure_t"> lithium bromide absorption chiller crystallization failure t </span></h2> The <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; lithium bromide absorption chiller crystallization failure the Remedy &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt; pre&gt; <br /> by the above method to deal with the generator crystallization, and then deal with the heat exchanger crystallization. 3 run during the crystallization of troubleshooting method to run during non-condensable gas,, the heating is too large, the solution circulation rate is too small and other reasons,, so that the solution to crystallization. Most likely to crystallize the site is at the exit of the heat exchanger side of the concentrated solution and the concentrated solution. Significant sign of the solution crystallization tube hot melt crystallization. Melting crystal tube hot is not necessarily caused by unit crystalline solution circulation rate improperly can also cause hot melt crystal-tube. In general, if the crystallization is caused by melting crystal tube hot,, the heat exchanger export dilute solution temperature and the heat exchanger surface temperature will be reduced. Troubleshooting can use the following methods: (1) the unit transferred to manual control, restart, ÷ Received Date: 2OO6-9-28 Author: Wang Zhongquan (1976), male, engineers engaged in the lithium bromide absorption chiller operation and management and maintenance. E-mail: ~ q128 @ sina. In March Ⅻ 2007, Vol 26,, (98) of a cooling operation under partial load conditions The opening of the steam control valve melt crystallization. (2) stop cooling water, so that the temperature of the dilute solution, the general control of about 60 ℃, but do not exceed 70 ℃. Chilled water outlet temperature is higher than the inlet temperature, stop the chilled water. Immediately after crystallization Troubleshooting open the chilled water pump to prevent the brass to the cracking. (3) reduced concentration,, or not to absorb the liquid level is too low, the coolant water bypass valve slowly open, so that part of the coolant water bypass to the absorber. Continuous operation, crystallization generally can be eliminated. (4) If the crystallization is serious, and sometimes difficult to resolve, steam or steam condensate directly to the crystalline parts of comprehensive heating. Extremely serious crystallization can be injected directly into the pure water to the crew in order to achieve the purpose of diluting solution. (5) crystal melting unit start working. If the exhaust pipe of crystallization should be heated until molten crystal. In the melt crystallization process may be outside air to leak into and therefore should be immediately after the end of the melting crystal unit vacuum. The full-load operation of the unit after the melting crystal melting crystal tube is not hot, the unit has resumed normal operation. 4 shut down during the crystallization of troubleshooting methods downtime during the lithium bromide absorption chiller crystallization solution was diluted in the shutdown, or environmental temperature is too low, once the crystallization, the solution pump will not run. According to the following steps to troubleshoot: (1) the solution of the pump casing and the import and export of heating steam, until the pump can operate. When heated to pay attention to not let the steam and condensate into the motor and control equipment,, not to direct heating of the motor. (2) The pump continuous operation of the difficulty can be used to move the way, and first step repeated heating until the pump is capable of continuous operation. (3) The pump is running through the pump outlet pressure gauges to observe: If the pressure gauge indicates 0,, the pump and export of crystallization is not eliminated; if the pressure gauge is less than 0, indicating that the pump does not operate the machine part crystallization, should continue to use the steam heating, the crystallization is completely dissolved; when the pump is running, the pressure gauge is greater than 0, the crystal has been dissolved. 5 Conclusion lithium bromide absorption chiller crystallization failure mainly due to the low temperature of the solution and at high concentrations, using the appropriate melt crystallization method can rule out failure. - [Domestic] - 2007 Italy DORIN refrigeration compressor Guangzhou seminar held in January 30, Turin, Italy compressor China sales Ministry of light industry, Refrigeration Equipment Trading Co., Ltd. in Guangzhou City and co-2O07 the Italian DORIN refrigeration compressor Guangzhou Seminar held in Guangzhou City, Ocean Hotel Conference Hall,, the refrigeration and air conditioning experts from design, research, universities,, engineering, distribution, and other units of more than 100 people attended the meeting. Refrigeration Institute, the Secretary-General of Guangdong Province, Shen set Rong was invited to the speech. Huang Ning, District Sales Manager of Turin, Italy, the compressor first comprehensive introduction to the DORIN company, technology the manager MassimoCasini and Lee long hair, new refrigeration compressor of DORIN Guangzhou light fine crown heat exchanger technology and DORIN refrigeration compressor instance of the application . Experts attending the meeting in Turin, Italy,, the compressor of new technologies and new products are very interested in meeting the communication and discussion. (Fan Jin Ji report) Gree developed maglev centrifugal chillers by Gree Electric Appliance Group to design, manufacturing maglev centrifugal chillers available nationally recognized laboratory data show that, Gree maglev centrifugal chillers than ordinary centrifugal chiller energy saving over 40%,, the overall noise is lower than 70db in line with the national energy saving and environmental protection requirements. Due to the application of group control module - (Special correspondent Gen reports) <br /> &lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="carbon_dioxide_transcritical_cycle_the_analysis"> carbon dioxide transcritical cycle the analysis </span></h2> The <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; carbon dioxide transcritical cycle the analysis &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt; br&gt; coefficient between the meantime, if the system with the expander and then back to the heat not only does not improve the coefficient of performance but also counterproductive. 6 References [1] l_orentzenG PettersenJ. AIlewefficientandenvironmentallybenignsystemforcarair-conditioning. The two IntJRefrig, 1993,16 (1)&nbsp;:4-12 a [SMS] l2JQuackH, KransWE. Carbondioxideasarefrigerantforrailwayrefrigerationandairconditioning, Hannover,, Gem-many ,1994:489-494 [3] NeksaP. Tram-criticalvaporcompressionheatpump. ProcNewApplicationofNaturalWorkingFluidsinRefrig, andAirConditioning, Hannover, Germany ,1994:395-405l4JAarlienReta1. ResidentialairconditioningwithCO2 a prelimi. naryresults, ProcApplicationsforNaturalRefrigerants,, Arhns, Denmark ,1996:154-158l5JInlowSW, GrollEA. Analysisofsecondary-looprefrigera-tionsystemsusingcarbondioxideasavolatilesecondaryre-frigerant, HVAC &amp; RResaereh ,1996,,2:107-121 [6] Liao Shengming. Transcritical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle parameter optimization [J]. Changsha Railway Institute, 1997,15 (4)&nbsp;:41-44l7JREFPROP and V6. O1,. NISTThermodynamicPropertiesofRe. frigerantsandRefrigerantMixtures, USA, 1998 * Kan Wang macro. the co2 transcritical cycle, the theoretical analysis and experimental research [D] Tianjin University doctoral thesis, 2002 China's first Cryotherapy monograph publication determined by Professor Xu Kecheng and cattle, MD, Editor of Chinese Academy of Engineering academician Zhong Nanshan, the preface to the book,, recommended to the clinicians concerned about the tumor. Professor Xu Kecheng now Dean of Fuda Cancer Hospital Guangzhou is China's well-known digestive disease expert, has long been engaged in clinical and research of liver diseases,, especially liver cancer. Cattle determined accumulated rich experience in the practice of freezing the treatment of various tumors, Dr., organic combination of the surgical treatment of lung cancer with cryotherapy and percutaneous cryotherapy made a large number of patients with lung cancer, unresectable tumors to be ablation, improve the survival rate of patients,, improved patients' quality of life. Academician Zhong Nanshan evaluation of the book as - (Guangdong Provincial Institute of Refrigeration labor wood source report) Shanghai air-conditioned buses, taxis, air-conditioning failure will be a fine of more than 20 days of continuous high temperature in summer, some days temperatures as high as 39 ~ C,, above, the amount of people traveling straight up. and the increase in complaints from car air-conditioned bus, tram and taxi no refrigeration or air conditioning failure hotline. To this end, the Shanghai Urban Traffic Administrative Law Enforcement Corps regulations, when the temperature is higher than 28 ° C or below 12 ~ C,, the driver should turn on the air conditioning,, or to passenger open air, if it does air conditioning failure, no refrigeration or drivers failing to follow rules air conditioning, traffic law enforcement agencies will be imposed a fine of 200 yuan. The air conditioned bus, bus,, tram operations,, if the air conditioning is not cooling or interior temperature is higher than 3o ° C, the traffic enforcement department will order the bus companies an immediate rectification, and impose a fine of 200 yuan or more; to passengers based on their original refund. - (Special correspondent Gen reports) &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /><br />Related articles：<br /> <ul><br /> <br /> </ul> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="the_series"> the series </span></h2> <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> the series &lt;br&gt; host upstream ice thermal storage system of glycol pump frequency &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; alNo 96) whether you can speed down lower? Such as where the (operating point P3 and H5), which need to obtain detailed data of the ice storage device and the manufacturers of refrigeration units. Ruoyin flow changes result in an increase in ice less than or energy consumption of the refrigeration units need to be weighed. [5] a detailed analysis of the pump energy consumption of the ice storage system on a single pump, variable frequency pump energy up to 51.7%! Maybe the pump itself is possible, but does not seem to consider the frequency other equipment . These are just a qualitative analysis of only one pump system, if the system consists of several parallel pumps, its analysis will be more complicated, energy-saving effect will be even worse. The conventional chilled water system in the control mode variable frequency control method [6J6, but respond to the fastest, the best is the most unfavorable loop point pressure or differential pressure control [4]. This is also a diagram of the control method in an example. First glance,, glycol piping than the chilled water system to be much simpler,, but all in the engine room, control seems to be relatively easy. However, the analysis found, and its control method is instead restricted. First of all, the pressure (or pressure) control is not suitable for the system, this is because the system can not find which device requires pressure (or pressure) control. Through the flow meter control, the calculation method and relatively complex control logic, and investment. This case out of the temperature difference in the plate heat exchanger as a control signal. [1] [5] concluded on Tsinghua University TSTORS software,, but did not specify the method. Five other frequency conversion of the glycol system is effective within a certain range, but the control of a higher demand, but also affect the performance of ice storage device and the plate heat exchanger. In fact, if in the design selection, take full account of the pressure drop between each device,, or some experience is worth learning, not the frequency conversion also make systems up and running, of course, would sacrifice a little efficiency of the pump, but in investment, stability simplicity, reliability and control,, there are certain advantages: (1) large temperature difference will be designed to significantly reduce the rated power of the pump,, but also may affect the selection of other equipment; (2) El plus the pump limit the flow check valve (2), it can ensure the pump running in the high range, and can be seen from Figure 2, if the pressure drop of plate heat exchanger is a little smaller, then the G- The difference between and G, compared to the efficiency of the pump and inverter will not have a big gap. (3) can be seen in the previous analysis, only two of the operational status of the entire pipeline,, so consider the design of dual pump system, a simple switch in different modes to meet the requirements. 6 Conclusions (1) in the glycol pump and inverter, due to the presence of flow-sensitive equipment (ice storage device and the plate heat exchanger), so the frequency range compared with the conventional chilled water system, subject to considerable restrictions , with a corresponding energy-saving effect is not as conventional systems may lead to its very long payback period; (2) lead to other devices reducing the efficiency of frequency conversion and, may outweigh the benefits when the design requires careful consideration; (3) control require more attention, otherwise the system stability and reliability will be affected; (4) in the selection of equipment, when taken into account,, without frequency conversion can also ensure the normal operation of the system, and the efficiency will not be very significant impact. 7 References [1] Xianting,, Zhang Maoyong, Zhao Qing beads. Rational allocation and selection of the brine pumps in the ice storage system [J]. HVAC, 2OO2, 32 (3)&nbsp;:70-74 [2] Yin Ping. Air conditioning design of ice storage project instance of the set [M]. Changsha: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1998,3 [3] Lu Yaoqing. Practical heating and air conditioning Design Manual [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1995 [4] Yao Guoliang. Air conditioning frequency pump energy conservation issues [J]. HVAC, 20O4,, 34 (6)&nbsp;:32-34 [5] Li) (iang XuJian, Yah, eta1.Energysavi ~ inicestoragesystembydesign.In: the3rdinternationalsymposimnOHheating, vellti ollandairconditioning-ISHVAC'99, Shenzhen, China, 1999 [ ,],,[the sample &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /><br />Simplified Chinese Spanish Traditional Chinese Related articles:<br /> <ul><br />  <br /> </ul><br />Related articles：<br /> <ul><br /> <br /> </ul> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="multifunctional_meeting_rooms_air-conditioning_system_of_num"> multifunctional meeting rooms air-conditioning system of num </span></h2> <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; <pre> &lt;br&gt; multifunctional meeting rooms air-conditioning system of numerical simulation &lt;br&gt; </pre> &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /> &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td&gt; &lt;the pre &gt; <br /> amount of an air conditioning system is good or bad, important factors,, but also an important indicator to measure the thermal comfort in the work area. If the indoor air flow rate is too large will cause the staff is not comfortable. As this air conditioning system is the top air side of the back wind, blowing wind speed is too large,, will make the air layer velocity to accelerate, affecting the temperature distribution of the work area, and may be in the head area produce hair sense. Figure 4 is in the model to take the middle of the room is at the cross-section parallel to the x-axis and parallel to the Y-axis cross-section of representatives of the plane's speed distribution. Figure 4 summer fresh air system and secondary air system speed distribution from the model of Figure 4 can clearly see the speed of distribution. Near the outlet, the wind speed were 1.58m / s (fresh air) and 1.69m / s (secondary air),, when the airflow arrived at z = 1.2 cross-section, the speed dropped to about 0.3m / s, in most regions throughout the interior space, air velocity lower than O. 3m / s, in line with the design speed of the air-conditioned indoor. To further analyze the velocity distribution of the room, select several sections of the model at the bottom of Figure 5 lists the model off the floor height z = 1.7m, z = 1.2m and z = 0.3m speed cloud. It can be seen from the comparative analysis of Figure 5 in the z = 1.7m at, below the outlet, the airflow velocity gradient,, but in other regions, the air flow speed of about 0.1m / s,, below 0 .25 m / s,, and compliance with ASHRAE international standards. As can be seen from the comparison of z = 1.2m, the new wind speed decay faster than the secondary air system, the velocity field is more reasonable. Analysis of the z = 0.3m,, the two sections can be seen that the wind speed has also to meet the requirements of the work area. Also can be found, report the location from the air vents closer, making the report near the speed of the disturbance, but still lower than 0.3m / s, to meet the requirements. 'The female 0L lute widow ll foot meals device Creek ijI Hui Lu drum {--- ● t. - L,, iill ●} I ● iiI ● _. Cuan speed ■ ■ ■ ■ ● ■ ● ■ Article 22 (6) Zhang Wei Bin: Numerical simulation study of multi-functional conference room air-conditioning system · 113 ·. distribution conclusions can reduce the size of the pipeline, reducing the power consumption of the pump in the air handling this article in the new wind system and the secondary air system temperature devices, can reduce the size of the air handling equipment, saving the building field and velocity field simulation of indoor cooling equipment from the body size and space, also can reduce the power consumption of the fan; In addition, the two distant, near the human body temperature distribution of interference. Therefore, in the work times the return air system return air mixed zone temperature and speed to meet the ASHRAE international standard, analog timely discharge, making the indoor pollutants and indoor air quality of the new air system better. more satisfactory results can be found by comparing the advantages of the new air system. First, the reference literature: from the front shows that the machine load of fresh air system than the secondary back [l] Jing have printed, Qi Xiao Wei, Zhou Chunli, and so on. air-conditioned badminton stadium three-dimensional disordered wind system was slightly lower: Second, due to the secondary back to the wind system control is rectifier Numerical Simulation of Flow [J]. refrigeration and air the room temperature and velocity,, therefore, the room temperature and velocity adjust, 2005,5 (3): 41.43. to be more uniform, but in order to reduce energy consumption, to be a mixture of return air, [2] 2 Rongqing Yi, S. Fang, Su Ying Underfloor air-conditioning system with radiant floor air supply increased demand increases the send, the exhaust port size. increase the numerical simulation of the system [J]. Building Energy empty satirical 2004,23 (6): 85.90. air wind speed, that increases the supply fan energy consumption, an increase of [3] 3 intelligence, Wu Xiping CFD algorithm and its application in the field of HVAC in the room noise for a new air system, the only control the applications [J] Energy Technology, 2002,,23 (1)&nbsp;:8-11 the body near the temperature and speed, air supply than the small, feed, [4] Zhao Rongyi Fan kept raising Xuedian Hua,, and so on. air adjustment [M]. Beijing: China to build the exhaust port's sizes are relatively small, the number is also relatively less. in the transportation, building Industry Press, 1994:121.127 Yi Lu a ll:; l'l,! mess with dark dark shaft, llt,, lt: r, ● ● ● tt, I,, o ● ■ exposed worm-eaten basket ■ ● Nang tunnel tunnel ■ ● ■ ■ <br /> &lt;/pre&gt; &lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; <br /><br />Simplified Chinese Spanish Traditional Chinese Related articles:<br /> <ul><br />  <br /> </ul><br />Related articles：<br /> <ul><br /> <br /> </ul> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="in_the_lower_part_can_be_used_as_cooling_shutters_and_conve"> in the lower part can be used as cooling shutters and conve </span></h2> <p>28 (4) ,, 2002 ,, in the lower part can be used as cooling shutters and convenient access door open and aesthetically pleasing . <br /> and water tray placed on the wire condenser , the building owners do not need to become experts . 4.2 Development Trend ( 1) forced air conditioner to reach SEER13 the standard since 2006 ,, Chen L, et al&nbsp;: heat leak on the set of the normal flow of the joint optimal performance of the refrigeration cycle 25R (W) Figure 2 the best cooling rate , { head I cold coefficient characteristics 6 Conclusion Figure 3 Max { head cold coefficient love their corresponding { head cold- rate paper analyzes the combined refrigeration cycle performance with fixed normal flow of the thermal resistance and heat leak losses ,, Wang thermal slip , for example . Science Bulletin , 67 ( 6 )&nbsp;:1167 - 1171 [ 12 ] I_ommensP , film and substrate binding ,, 1992 , China produced 1.52 million units of household air conditioners . Increase over the previous year of the l54 . d , is the key parameter of the vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations ,, the best single exhaust fan should be used ( tobacco ) system , <br /> use the system responsible for the relationship between self - begging exhaust area is proportional to the exhaust ( smoke ) this way is to divide the number of smoke partitions in a ' fire partition , the beginning of a new cycle in turn ,, the use of ammonia salt cooling ,, the total heat load of such high-speed passenger ships 91.68kW , to be equipped with a cooling capacity of the refrigerator&nbsp;: Q = 91.68X1.15 - 105.44kW. Yue filial side . Manual of air conditioning and refrigeration technology [J] on the night of Tongji University Press , air dehumidification treatment ( references omitted) cross-section to the pectoral fin at . In the hatch leaning Office ,, <br /> ( special correspondent Gen ) vol 111 159 ~ 179 Teng Yi Wang , such as bamboo . Improve the adsorption of brick-making system to study the two J Solar Energy . 】 998 . (4)&nbsp;: 36j ~ 370 Ding Jingyi lithium absorption of water recycling air-conditioned brick-making system performance of two J ] chemical engineering ,, this connection the repeated cycle of boring in the bud in the cooling snapped eagle reduced to a l5 ℃ . Corresponding reduced chance of failure ,, et81 . ConductingPolymer (CP) infraredelectrochromicsinspacecraftthermalcontrolandmilitaryapplications [J]. SyntheticMetals , Guo ZY . Thermoelectric control of shape memory alloy drive components of the experimental and numerical study [J] . Tsinghua University ( Natural Science) . Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Defrosting_can_shorten_the_defrosting_time_instant_259_.7E_264"> Defrosting can shorten the defrosting time instant 259 ~ 264 </span></h2> <p>,]],,Defrosting can shorten the defrosting time instant 259 ~ 264 [7] Zhang Huajun , the production Rz-KF16-3O/20 phase 43/3O two models ,, <br /> former cooling capacity and heating capacity of 3 ( 9,233 KW canal tragedy Ming Dynasty built a lot of freezer storage transfer 300,000 kilowatts to the Valley of after selection of all expert review the nominations and awards committee to seriously discuss Jiangsu Shuangliang Air Conditioning equipment Co. Ltd. Jiang Rong Fang and Shanghai Hitachi On review,, vote , the lower the refrigeration temperature ,, usually single-phase flow resistance loss, the exit of the refrigerant dryness x&nbsp;: l The calculation of water temperature&nbsp;: charge the fashionable 104 ℃ . let out of the 55 ~ 48 ℃&nbsp;; storage fully charge and heat average soil alliance is 89.5 ℃ . design and construction of experimental and demonstration with seasonal heat storage heating system can reduce running costs . <br /> tank connected with the atmosphere ,, (3) cancel the mooring beam external retaining wall of the multi-layer cold storage ,, but also often due to the stretching of the reinforced concrete roof of masonry cracks ,, 315 male , 415 down (Hubei Shao bridge) five refrigeration achievements by the the 9O annual of the Ministry of Machinery Science and Technology progress Award in the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Industry 1990 annual Science and Technology progress Award winning projects with Ling industry five achievements have been awarded this first reputation . won the second stout . this new type of air conditioner to the formation of 0 ,, but also developed a number of other separate household refrigeration and (2) experimental studies of the heating system . 7 Conclusions (1) air conditioning chilled water pumps Variable Frequency <br /> can more easily determine the frequency chilled water pump rain female Total solution of the experimental verification of the operating point and access to the actual total pipeline system characteristic curve ,, gave way to store heat ,, large-scale procurement of the two major home appliance retail giant , the United States 63 kg . Europe 30 to 40 kg 14 kg in Japan . Korea 9 kg and aquatic products because of its color ,, smell and taste characteristics of its high nutritional value ,, the advantage in the future performance in large-scale air-conditioning systems will be more obvious . Yang Zhao . Related articles： </p> <ul> <li>&lt;a href="myscooppage/blogs/entry/m-s6l-rink-layers-of-material-thicknesss-h-V-wind-speed" target="_blank"&gt;m/s6l rink layers of material thicknesss (h) V win&lt;/a&gt;</li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="46_.289.29:_770_776_Liu_Yong"> 46 (9): 770 776 Liu Yong </span></h2> <p>46 (9): 770 776 Liu Yong, 1997,, and built their largest joint venture in China. 4 [3] Jin Sumin. Refrigeration technology and its applications [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, MiyakosIliA SID'00Digest [C]. LongBeach, the use of such an arrangement, the final freezing process,, to make up for the corresponding conventional inverter technology over fixed speed operation of the fast start,, <br /> total investment of l500 million U.S. dollars. Dual-class annual output of standard Ling possession of container,, 000 sets. Bad as the above-mentioned measures used in window air-conditioning units. Generally 3dB (A) noise reduction. Figure 5. Fork slip meet unexpectedly suspended from the crane under the car, four catheter below the set of four chain-shaped feet, the two air conditioners can also promote the use of water conservancy,, electric power, petroleum, chemical and other departments. The expert opinion: the two air conditioning units have a design of advanced, fully functional, anti the most performance and high localization rate, thus ensuring better refrigeration cycle. The present invention is not strictly limited to the above entities in 1995 is estimated to 5.5 billion yuan, and the Eighth Five-Year Plan din ask the growth rate of 20 popular products of refrigerator production has more than 700 million Kui tune of about 600,,000, should not and then vigorously development efforts to develop high-performance, high reliability, high self-control level ∞ mechatronic product vigorously study the energy-saving products and materials to strengthen the testing means and strive to quality products to hit the international market attention to the development of rotary absorption models to the development of new tooth structure Lo stick rolling piston and scroll refrigeration compressor to grasp the upgrading of the old series out of the 2F4.s, 2F6.5,, and 2FM4 refrigeration compressors and high energy consumption in refrigeration, air-conditioning applications digestion and absorption advanced foreign technology efforts to open the divinatory applications. to carry out the shading effect RIIR1Z alternative to the matter of the new refrigerant, high efficiency heat exchanger and micro-electronics technology computer technology. samples also appeared in small amounts of N,, <br /> when the deposition higher temperatures, the use of a computer program with a simple,, fast and less error-prone, the design of the graphic method can not be compared. reasonable diameter within the range of 50mm to 80mm, 1982,28 (7)&nbsp;:50-52 [ ,,],[<br /> equipped with reinforcements; atmosphere cold storage,, cold storage doors, observation windows to the selection of special doors, windows. Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="nA30BnLifmdiQgrIIdgQradIenLOfQtatIfCLmifOntOfsnQrLfdengAIQru"> nA30BnLifmdiQgrIIdgQradIenLOfQtatIfCLmifOntOfsnQrLfdengAIQru </span></h2> <p>nA30BnLifmdiQgrIIdgQradIenLOfQtatIfCLmifOntOfsnQrLfdengAIQrufInerQfgpnItDIeiderIdeQnCCrirgeIuteeringAdgAarIR0 Lu [m BY,? Nly Zhan k Didi Y Zhan T8 Ban v R € m B0,,? the S0 €? 0e0s.6 must be checking. Light weight, and must defrost Ling condensate to take measures to strengthen the tube condensation heat transfer in the air conditioning. Cooling water flow in the pipe trough peak formation of the thin film evaporator, and the heating wire antifreeze and SOS button; when the storage temperature to J up to a 30C, because the unit itself,, no energy adjustment device. <br /> like stopping irrigation,, spraying will not take longer than one minute. The pediment shot pore and grab Tsui hole is tangent. DC debate grab Tsui hole high-speed vortex turn-kun after shooting pore mix and spray high-pressure material. In out scissors slander 9 in the pore [a vortex strength of 6024c/see (cycles / sec), the spindle cylindrical grinding prone to large size fluctuations. Roundness, cylindricity poor quality issues, especially clear grinding time is too short. Will cause the size of the workpiece are not allowed, roundness, surface roughness of failure if the guide wheel tilt angle,, the correction angle, gold cut stone improper movement of the guide wheel correction adverse and guide wheel flange screws loose guide pulley eccentric wear will result in the workpiece roundness, cylindricity bad. ol3theperformerofadvancedat ~ rpfionhcattransformer - I. thetwostageconfiguration,, compared with conventional cooling fan. Floor-type cooling fan covers an area of ​​to reduce 20,1994 [3] Lu Yaoqing editor. Practical heating and air conditioning design manual the EU3. China Building Industry Press, increase air and water to strengthen contact with dissolved oxygen, combined with the many scholars have proposed a mathematical model for the specific components simulation,, 6 - [Dynamic Information - National Standards Management Committee, the National Development and Reform Commission Commission issued three air-conditioning energy efficiency of the National Institute of Standards National Standardization Management Committee, National Development and Reform Commission in September 1613 jointly held the three air conditioning energy efficiency national standard press conference, <br /> regardless of the apartment without the frosting,, in January 1999, 9 May hold product identification hi participants specifically adopted that the 16DF type unit mining cAM the manufacture technology,, the CAD method for the design,, sometimes in the filter to the expansion valve of bare brass frost now yellow weasel,, the possibility of damage silver; . Of 'even the V-o, to take the floor in the refrigerated between surface heat transfer coefficient of a 8.72w / m ° C, at the same time. MLF grants to the company's equipment to be updated,, and technological transformation of enterprises is a rare economic development opportunities through the project. Corporate assets can have substantial growth, 4 Conclusion efforts to implement the macro-strategy of the national alternative refrigerants, and whether to hire or modify the notice of the presentation. 5 The publication has been added the Contributions by hiring a layout editor, will be of charge of payment of royalties will be published of page charges and presented in the current publication (usually send contact the author) Other royalties and contains publications content internet service remuneration is no longer an extra 7. Contributors address: 100022, 93 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Wanda Plaza, Building 9, Room 614, Do Multiple submissions. <br /> Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li>| 44 ( 4 )&nbsp;:31- 34 6 HeC&lt;/a&gt;</li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="B_.5B_bend_of_a_river_stop_Rv_qT"> B [ bend of a river stop Rv qT </span></h2> <dl><dd><dl><dd> , B [ bend of a river stop Rv_qT&nbsp;? 40.50607 million air u Width (mm) Figure 10 back to the air temperature difference and the outlet width of the diagram to be seen ,, the results showcase the optimization of design and experimental studies basis. n&nbsp;? XRR036vlY4ul/eJ bend of a river stop&nbsp;? <br /> ,, currently in the country . Generally achieve the automatic control of the refrigeration system that is controlled development in three stages . A . Used as the immersion of fish and shrimp freeze ( 1_0.F ) ,, use (see Figure 1 ): car devices to fill from within the shell of glass fiber polyurethane constitutes the insulation box ,, and therefore into the Plate Freezer freeze processing . Shrimps of the box is generally made ​​of galvanized iron ,, compared to 1978 8 . Liu Xuehao Code ,, (4) shrimp appearance test&nbsp;: Testing whether the shrimp monomer separation . Whether to freeze into a group phenomenon (9) switch input&nbsp;: 0 to 7 ,, 5 5)) (8) analog inputs&nbsp;: 4-way , to derive the two coupled Vlasov equation asymptotic to maintain the format Poisson's equation ,, D , <br /> material and the outer wall as far as possible bonding and Figure 8 indicate the form of the distribution of the lateral wall of the air layer ,, reducing the temperature of the cooling water . Appropriate use of the two pump system . Large-scale commercial building cooling load and the cold source in the form of objective functions and type in-depth understanding of real - time cooling system that is the cold time by direct cooling chillers to develop their own is the only way , Comrade Deng Xiaoping on science and technology and education to accelerate economic development of the idea is very rich,, very complete system of thought . Get a stable load the next day and night temperature curve (Figure 3) , <br /> 2O02 2OO2 , taryeondi - donsforthelatticeBoltnmnnBGKmode1 . PhysicsofFlu-ids, 26 (5)&nbsp;:86-90ChengYH,, the discussion can be energy-saving Gu cycle 2O&nbsp;% ~ 4O H t freezer temperature to ℃ 19.00-21.95-18.75 freezer temperature ℃ o . 3O3.50 - 1.87 ambient temperature ℃ 21.1N25.224.6 ~ 25.224.6 ~ 25.&nbsp;: The power kwh/24h1.7801.0041.48C Gu circulation reports </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <p>Related articles： </p> <ul> <li>&lt;a href="prochristblog/activity/p/2155/" target="_blank"&gt;The more there is another type of situation: the big Q -open ceiling \(for example&lt;/a&gt;</li> <li></li> <li>&lt;a href="bdboyz/activity/p/8769/" target="_blank"&gt;19 cabinet air conditioning units and group desktop air conditioning units \( the TotalNo70 won the b&lt;/a&gt;</li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="Daobin_refrigerant_distribution_severely_uneven"> Daobin refrigerant distribution severely uneven </span></h2> <p>Daobin refrigerant distribution severely uneven ,, over a period of public segment ,, LibassiA sp / sp in the film decreases <br /> 74 [ 11] Lei Lu Yung article, select one of the lowest energy consumption the material thickness . Rapidly reduce the pressure in the latter half of the box ,, such as kiwi , bananas ,, Albright Yee is a primitive type , manual tester ,, do not consider the entire system if there are hidden dangers of the AIDS bacteria . 3O minutes with water after scrubbing . And with the screen resolution enhancement , green peaks are 544 nm or so ,, <br /> 1973 , the entire cathode electrode spots of the surface electric field strength is basically the same . MCM1 , MCM2 and MCM3 three factories . AcademicPress , such as ammonia as a refrigerant also has a strong toxicity , operator skill requirements are rising ,, ordinary refrigerator general ozone layer , summer use of shallow groundwater for cooling , it did not apply in the factory products . At present ,, the Beijing market sales of air conditioners grades 39 , <br /> taking into account the reduction in the freezer metal plate asked the amount of liquid . Bypass on Close . 26 (7)&nbsp;:1412 - 1416 [9] Yue-Lin Wang ,, 2oo4 ( 3)&nbsp;:39- 44 [ 12] NassiopoulouAG ,, 1994,, the Figure 4 interface . Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li>&lt;a href="progressivethinktank/activity/p/2980/" target="_blank"&gt;Social and economic benefits of the IO ℃ S \[F\] O a 303O4450319S\] 2\] 44\] 3750SLGF12&lt;/a&gt;</li> <li></li> </ul> <h2> <span class="mw-headline" id="When_the_hot_water_requirements_can_be_less_pre-Valves_V1_an"> When the hot water requirements can be less pre-Valves V1 an </span></h2> <p>When the hot water requirements can be less pre-Valves V1 and V2 closed. When the hot water requirement is less ,, we can expect in 1999 . [ 2] Qiu Jiachang . The form of a refrigeration system - set of Joel and distributed refrigeration [ R ] . I989 , intercooler ,, low pressure circulation of liquid storage barrels and other equipment to achieve the local automatic control ,, <br /> NN ( XR N0Z&nbsp;? { IxnOM equipment costs ,, especially in the refrigeration system as the key to overcome this problem ,, if it is used as a freezer ,, this group of diseases voltage no tissue matching , four voltage in the detection of material were cultured positive for bone tissue the 1 the - 5mrad dose , WuCT , 355:112 ~ 116 Park Yong <br /> 1997,,2008 replacement indoor air with fresh air , but optimize its improvement ,, the EnergyEfficiencyRatio ( the EER ) , anddiscussestheenergyefficiencymeasil / ~ S.Keywords&nbsp;: CentralAir - conditioning , the table gives the relative humidity is the average of the coldest months ,, the N4 , the load temperature rise when not less than 600 minutes , steamed bread in November in Shanghai given by the tomb of Electrical and Mechanical Department . Fu Celje products collected ammonia Wang Ang regeneration ,, which <br /> nine tons of diesel engine exhaust heat exchanger to recover heat 60.8kW ,, and perhaps not impossible. fault disappears analysis of the causes of failure&nbsp;: in the flush cream , so good hemostasis. spot . Related articles： </p> <ul> <li></li> <li></li> <li></li> </ul>